Detection in water and other matrices (juice, oil, plasma, urine)
About drinking water the legal limits are between 0,1 μg/l for each pesticide or 0,5 μg/l considering the sum of all pesticides (Dir. 2009/90/CE).
About surface waters, in relation to the types of pesticides, values are between 0.3 μg/l (e.g Chlorpyrifos) to 4.0 μg/l (e.g. Simazine).
The legal limits of pesticides in food change in relation of food type and type of pesticides, and are between 50 μg/kg(e.g. milk) to 100 μg/kg (fruits)
EU Legal Limits *.
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Substance to detect analyte
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Example of specific analytes
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Principle of Analysis
Biomediator
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Type of Analysis
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Limit of Detection
LOD
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Concentration
w/v
|
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Photosynthetic herbicides
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Triazine:
Atrazine, Simazine
Phenyl-uree:
Diuron, Linuron
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Algae
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Fluorescence and Amperometry
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Range 0.6 - 0.02 μg/l
|
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Photosynthetic herbicides
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Atrazine, Simazine,
Diuron, Linuron
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Thylakoids
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Amperometry
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Range 10 - 0.2 μg/l
|
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Carbamate and Organophosphate
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Chlorpyrifos
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Acetylcholinesterase
|
Fluorescence
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0. 4 μg/l
|
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Carbamate e Organophosphate
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Paraoxon
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Butyrylcholinesterase
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Amperometry
|
3 mg/l
|
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Phenolic Compounds
|
Catechol
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Tyrosinase
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Fluorescence
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0.2 μg/l
|
|
Amperometry
|
0.3 mg/l
|
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Laccase
|
Fluorescence
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0.1 mg/l
|
|
Amperometry
|
0.1 mg/l
|
|
Bisphenol A
|
Amperometry
|
10 mg/l
|
|
Substance to detect
|
Principle of analysis
Biomediator
|
Type of Analysis
|
Limit of Detection
LOD
|
|
Concentration
w/v
|
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Glucose
|
Glucose Oxidase
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Amperometry
|
1 mg/l
|
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Lactose
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Glucose Oxidase+
β- galactosidase+
Horseradish peroxidase
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Amperometry
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30 mg/l
|
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Urea
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Urease
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Fluorescence
Amperometry
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100 mg/l
3 mg/l
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